Click here to return to Phyllis Fleming's homepage Phyllis Fleming Physics

Physics 107

Review - Two Dimensional Motion

1.

An object experiences displacements s1 and s2, as shown in Fig. 1a below. Is the resultant displacement s shown in Fig. 1b or Fig. 1c? Explain your answer.

2.

Show how two displacement vectors, one of magnitude 6 m and the other of magnitude 8 m, can be combined to give a resultant of (a) 2 m, (b) 14 m, and (c) 10 m.

3.

Vector A has magnitude 10 cm and makes an angle of 37o with the x-axis. Vector B has components Bx = 8 cm and By = -2 cm.

Sketch the vector C = A + 1/2 B and determine its components, its magnitude, and the angle it makes with the x-axis.

4.

A particle moves 7.00 m along the positive Y-axis and then 7.07 m at angle of 45o with the X-axis, as shown in Fig. 2 below. Find the resultant displacement r = r1 + r2 of the particle. Express r in terms of (a) unit vectors i and j and (b) its magnitude and direction.

5.

A pitcher throws a baseball with a horizontal velocity of 132 ft/s (90 mph) toward home plate that is approximately 60 ft away. What is the vertical drop of the ball when it reaches the plate? g = 32 ft/s2.

6.

A young man practicing his pitching stands on a cliff and tosses a rock at a velocity of 24 m/s in a horizontal direction. At this instant a person in a car at rest in a service station 90 m from the cliff "guns" the car at a constant acceleration of 4.0 m/s2 toward the cliff. The rock hits the car. (a) How long is the rock in the air? (b) How high is the cliff?

7.

A ball rolls off the edge of a 1.0 m-high table with a speed of 4.0 m/s. How far horizontally from the edge of the table does the ball strike the floor?

8.

When an object is given an initial velocity vox along a horizontal frictionless surface, it travels a distance x = voxt in time t.

When an object is given an initial velocity vertically upward of voy from an initial height yo, it rises until its velocity vy = 0.

The maximum height ymax it rises can be found from
0 = vy2 = voy2 + 2ay(ymax - yo),
where ay = -9.8 m/s2 ≈ -10 m/s2.  The time t it is in the air is found when
y = 0 = yo + voyt + 1/2 ayt2.
The velocity at this time t is given by vy(t) = voy + ayt.

The principle of superposition states that when a body is subjected to two or more separate influences it responds to each without altering its response to the other.

If the object is given an initial velocity of vo at angle Q such that the components of its velocity are the same vox and voy as given above, what happens to the quantities t,  ymax,  vy(t),  and x?

9.

Find and draw the horizontal and vertical components of the projectile's velocity in Fig. 3 below (a) at the initial position i, (b) at the highest point h, and (c) just before it hits the ground at f. (d) Draw the velocity vector at h and f. (e) Draw the acceleration vectors for x = 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0 m.


10.

An object is shot into the air with an initial velocity vo = 25 m/s at an angle of 37o above the horizontal at a height of 20 m above the earth's surface (Fig. 4 below). Take g = 10 m/s2. Find and draw the horizontal and vertical components of the projectile’s velocity in Fig. 4 (a) at the initial position, (b) at the highest point. Find (c) the maximum height ymax to which the object rises, (d) the time for it to return to the earth, (e) the distance moved horizontally, and (f) draw the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity just before it hits the ground. (g) Draw the velocity vector just before it hits the ground and find its magnitude and direction.

11.

For the projectile of Fig. 4 above, write numerical expressions for:

(a) the initial position vector ro = xoi + yoj,

(b) the initial velocity vector vo = voxi + voyj,

(c) the acceleration vector a = -ayj,

(d) the velocity at any time t vector v(t) = vxi + vyj,

     and show that:

(e) v(t) = vo + at,

(f) the position vector as a function of time r(t) = xi + yj,   and

(g) r(t) = ro + vot + 1/2 at2.

12.

A boy throws a ball into the air as hard as he can and then runs as fast as he can under the ball in order to catch it. If his maximum speed in throwing the ball is 20 m/s and his best time for a 20-m dash is 3.0 s, how high does the ball rise? Take g = 10 m/s2.

13.

A driven golf ball just clears the top of a tree that is 15 m high and is 30 m from the tee, and then lands (with no roll or bounce) on the green, 180 m from the tee. What was the initial velocity imparted to the golf ball? Take g = 10 m/s2.

14.

Projectiles in Fig. 5 below are shot off at different angles with Q1 (path designated –•–•–•–•–) greater than Q2 (path designated with __ __) greater than Q3 (path designated _____ ), but the maximum vertical height reached by each projectile is the same. (a) If t1 represents the time for the object to reach the ground when projected at angle Q1, t2 the time to reach the ground when launched at angle Q2, and t3 for the one at angle Q3, find whether (i) t1 > t2 > t3, (ii) t3 > t2 > t1, or (iii) t1 = t2 = t3. (b) The initial velocity for path #1 is (i) greater than the initial velocity for path #2 which is greater than the initial velocity for path #3, (ii) less than the initial velocity for path #2 which is less than the initial velocity for path #3, (iii) is the same as the initial velocity for path #2 and path #3. (c) Are your answers to (a) and (b) consistent with the fact that the range for path #3 is the greatest? Explain your answers.

15.

A small object of mass m rotates counterclockwise on a horizontal frictionless plane at the end of a string of length r = 0.4 m with constant speed v = 2.0 m/s. On Fig. 6 below draw the magnitude and direction of (a) the velocity and (b) the centripetal acceleration at points A, B, and C. (c) Are the velocity and the acceleration constant? (d) Could you use this method to find how an object would withstand a number of "g's"?  Explain your answers.

16.

(a) The period T of an object moving with uniform circular motion is defined as the time for one complete rotation. Find the period for the particle in #15. (b) The frequency f of an object is defined as the number of rotations it makes per second. Find the frequency of the particle in #15. How is the frequency related to the period? Write an expression for the centripetal acceleration in terms of (c) p, r, and T, (d) p, r, and f.

17.

An angle in radians is defined as the arc an angle subtends divided by the radius of the circle. (a) In Fig. 7 below, what does the angle DQ equal? (b) The magnitude of the angular velocity of the particle w is defined as the limit of DQ/Dt as Dt approaches zero. Find w. (c) The direction of w is found by curling the fingers of your right hand in the direction of motion. Your thumb then points in the direction of the motion. What is the direction of w? (d) Is uniform circular motion a case of constant angular velocity?

18.

In time t, an object moving with constant angular velocity w rotates through angle Q= wt. Find (a) r(t) in unit vector notation, (b) v(t) in unit vector notation, (c) vx, vy and v, (d) a(t) in unit vector notation, (e) ax, ay, and a. (f) Draw the vectors v and a and their components on Fig. 8 below.

19.

Figure 9 below represents an object moving in a circle with uniform circular motion. In this type of motion, the magnitude of the velocity v remains constant, but its direction is always tangent to the path. The direction continuously changes. Uniform circular motion is an example of constant speed, but not of constant velocity. That is v1 = v2, but v1 is not equal to v2. The object of mass m is located on the circle initially by the position vector r1 with its instantaneous velocity v1 tangent to the circle or perpendicular to r1. Later the velocity v2 is perpendicular to the position vector r2. The displacement vector Dr = r2r1. In Fig. 9, the negative of the position vector r1 has been added to r2 to give r2 r1 = Dr.

(a) Use the triangle with r2, r1, Dr and the triangle with v2, v1, Dv to find an expression for Dr/r and Dv/v. Recall that r2 = r1 and v2 = v1. Now find an expression for the acceleration from a = lim Dt 0 of Dv/Dt.

(b) Find the direction of the acceleration from a = lim Dt 0 of Dv/Dt.




Homepage Sitemap
     

Website Designed By:
Questions, Comments To:
Date Created:
Date Last Updated:

 

Susan D. Kunk
Phyllis J. Fleming
October 8, 2002
April 15, 2003