History and Bibliography

Jonathan M. Cheek and Linda R. Tropp
1st edition: April 1994
2nd online edition: June, 2002.

Questionnaires

I. History of the Development of the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire

II. Bibliography of the Use of the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire
(link to another page)

III. Contact Information

Identity orientations refer to the relative importance that individuals place on various identity attributes or characteristics when constructing their self-definitions (Cheek, 1989). The development of the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire began with the selection of items from Sampson's (1978) list of identity characteristics that were judged to represent the domains of personal and social identity (Cheek & Briggs, 1981, 1982). Subsequently, some items were reworded, others eliminated, and new items were developed to improve the reliability and content validity of the measures (Cheek, 1982/83; Cheek & Hogan, 1981; Hogan & Cheek, 1983). Psychometric analyses indicated that certain items originally scored in the social identity category (e.g., "Being a part of the many generations of my family") were tending to cluster on a third factor representing communal or collective identity. A third scale for this domain was developed (Cheek, Underwood, & Cutler, 1985) and has now been expanded (Cheek, Tropp, Chen, & Underwood, 1994). Neither the social nor collective scales focus on intimate relationships with close friends or romantic partners, so a fourth scale for relational identity orientation (“Being a good friend to those I really care about”) was added to the AIQ-IV (Cheek, Smith, & Tropp, 2002).

A. Personal and Social Identity scales. (Original version)

Sources:

Cheek, J. M. & Briggs, S. R. (1981, August). Self-consciousness, self-monitoring, and aspects of identity. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, CA. (Part of which was published as Cheek & Briggs, 1982).

Cheek, J. M., & Briggs, S. R. (1982). Self-consciousness and aspects of identity. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 401-408.

Adapted from:

Sampson, E. E. (1978). Personality and the location of identity. Journal of Personality, 46, 552-568.

Number of Items:

• 6 personal identity characteristics
• 5 social identity characteristics

B. Personal and Social Identity scales. (Second version)

Sources:

Cheek, J. M., & Hogan, R. (1981, August). The structure of identity: Personal and social aspects. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, CA. (Published in the section "Some Evidence" (pages 351-356) of Hogan & Cheek, 1983).

Hogan, R. & Cheek, J. M. (1983). Identity, authenticity, and maturity. In T. R. Sarbin & K. E. Scheibe (Eds.), Studies in Social Identity (pp. 339-357). New York: Praeger.

Adapted from:

Cheek and Briggs (1981, 1982).

Number of Items:

• 6 personal identity items
• 6 social identity items
  
  

C. Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ).
(Third Version of the Personal and Social Identity Scales)

Source:

Cheek, J. M. (1982/83). The Aspects of Identity Questionnaire: Revised scales assessing personal and social identity. Unpublished manuscript, Wellesley College.

Adapted from:

Cheek and Hogan (1981); Hogan & Cheek (1983)

Number of Items:

• 9 personal identity items
• 8 social identity items (one of which was replaced in a March, 1993 "update")

D. Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-III)
(Fourth version of the Personality and Social Identity scales, first version of the Collective Identity scale)

Source:

Cheek, J. M., Underwood, M. K., & Cutler, B. L. (1985). The Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (III). Unpublished manuscript, Wellesley College.

Cheek, J. M. (1989). Identity orientations and self-interpretation. In D. M. Buss & N. Cantor (Eds.), Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions (pp. 275-285). New York: Springer-Verlag. (Table 1 presents the Personal and Social Identity items, but not the Collective Identity items, of the AIQ-III).

Adapted from:

Cheek (1982/83)

Number of Items:

• 10 personal identity items
• 7 social identity items
• 7 collective identity items
  
  

E. Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IIIx)
(Personal and Social Identity scales with
second version of the Collective Identity scale)

A printer-friendly version for administration
A supplemental table showing a breakdown of AIQ scale means by ethnicity

Source:

Cheek, J. M., Tropp, L. R., Chen, L. C., & Underwood, M. K. (1994, August). Identity Orientations: Personal, social, and collective aspects of identity. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, CA. Adapted from: Cheek, Underwood & Cutler (1985)

Number of Items:

• 10 personal identity items
• 7 social identity items
• 7 original collective identity items
• 3 experimental items (1 experimental item subsequently retained for 8-item revised version of the Collective Identity scale)
  

F. Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV)
(First version of the Relational Identity scale)

A printer-friendly version for administration

• 10 personal identity items
• 7 social identity items
• 8 collective identity items
• 10 relational identity items

Jonathan M. Cheek
Department of Psychology
Wellesley College
106 Central Street
Wellesley, MA 02481-8288 USA
Phone: (781) 283-3130
fax: (781) 283-3730
email: jcheek@wellesley.edu

Linda R. Tropp
email: tropp@bc.edu

Notification of corrections and additional listings appreciated.
Please send them to Jonathan Cheek.

You may go from here to the homepage of the
International Society for Self and Identity.

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